Chapter_01FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 低速空气动力学教材.ppt

PART I;Chapter 1;1.1 Importance of Aerodynamics:Historical Examples;Impetus to the study of fluidmechnics （流体力学研究的推动力） 1. Newton’s sine-square law 2. Experiments carried out by D’Alembert 3. Euler’s description of the flow model;1. Newton’s sine-square law;3. Euler noted ;4. Real case for fluid approaching a body ;First flight of Wright brothers Dec. 17, 1903;Wilbur and Orville Wrights Wright Flyer was the first successful airplane. On December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, Orville Wright flew the first heavier-than-air machine in a powered, controlled, and sustained flight. The Flyer, constructed of wood, wire, and muslin, went a distance of 120 feet in 12 seconds. It was a tremendous success, coming from a long series of aeronautics experiments that the Wright Brothers started in 1899 with a kite.;;;At the rear of the 1903 Wright Flyer one finds a pair of pusher propellers. The propellers are long, thin, twisted pieces of wood which are spun at high speed. Control of roll: WING WARP;;Overview of Wright Brothers Discoveries;;;;;;;Aerodynamic heating of the reentry vehicle;;;;1.2 Aerodynamics:Classification and Practical Objectives(空气动力学：分类和应用目标）;Solids, liquids, and gases in a container;The liquid will change its shape to conform to that of the container and will take take on the same boundaries as the container up to the maximum depth of the liquid.;The gas will completely fill the container, taking on the same boundaries as the container.;Solid and “fluid”(a liquid or a gas) under a tangential force ==? deformation;Solid:;Mechanics distinction of solids, liquids, and gases;Distinction of solids, liquids, and gases respects to the intermolecular forces;Practical objectives of Aerodynamics;;;;;1.3 Road Map of this chapter;;1.4 Some fundamental Aerodynamic Variables;;;;The velocity description of a fluid is quite different to that of a solid body.;Velocity of a flowing gas at any fixed point B in space is the velocity of a small fluid element