操作系统Chapter04_OSThreads, SMP, and Microkernels知识讲稿.ppt

* Benefits of a Microkernel Organization Portability Changes needed to port the system to a new processor is changed in the microkernel - not in the other services Reliability Modular design Small microkernel can be rigorously tested * Benefits of Microkernel Organization Distributed system support Message are sent without knowing what the target machine is Object-oriented operating system Components are objects with clearly defined interfaces that can be interconnected to form software * Microkernel Design Low-level memory management Mapping each virtual page to a physical page frame * Microkernel Design Interprocess communication I/O and interrupt management * Threads, SMP, and Microkernels Chapter 4 * 4.1 Process and Thread- Process Resource ownership - process includes a virtual address space to hold the process image Scheduling/execution- follows an execution path that may be interleaved with other processes These two characteristics are treated independently by the operating system * Process and Thread Dispatching is referred to as a thread or lightweight process (LWP) Resource of ownership is referred to as a process or task 线程是进程中实施调度和分派的基本单位。 * MS-DOS UNIX Windows, Solaris, Linux Java 4.1.1 Multithreads * * Benefits of Threads Less Spending Takes less time to create a new thread than a process Less time to terminate a thread than a process Less time to switch between two threads within the same process Since threads within the same process share memory and files, they can communicate with each other without invoking the kernel Concurrency Improvement * Uses of Threads in a Single-User Multiprocessing System Foreground to background work Asynchronous processing Speed of execution Modular program structure * Thread States States associated with a change in thread state Spawn Spawn another thread Block Unblock Finish Deallocate register context and stacks * Adobe PageMaker * User-Level Threads All thread management is done by the applicati