水域生态学教材富营养化控制.pptVIP

Eutrophication ;富营养化的定义;富营养化的典型特征;富营养化的影响;游钓、休闲活动受限：水生植物过密 动植物种类数和多样性下降 喜欢的鱼类物种减少，经济价值下降 鱼类产量下降：水层和底层缺氧;;Algal bloom in a eutrophic lake. ;A oligotrophic lake;Overgrowth of floating aquatic plants ;Water hyacinth;Nile cabbage;Fish mortality due to lack of oxygen in an lake. ;Macro- and micro-scopic views of Microcystis aeruginosa.;Macro- and microscopic views of Uroglena americana, a culprit of red tide.;Relationship between number of species and volume of chlorophyll a.;General view of Lake Baikal, Russia, the largest freshwater body in the world and 1.7km deep, shows signs of eutrophication: decreased transparency and increased concentrations of algae and nutrients.;富营养化指标;营养来源 ;Major sources of nutrients in lakes: sewage, agricultural runoffs, industrial waste and urban runoff. ;Urbanization, population growth and industrialization are amongst the basic factors which cause environmental problems in lakes and reservoirs ;富营养化控制;切断外源营养物输入;氮、磷的控制;湖泊恢复中最常用的方法;Potential Top-down effects on food chains;In developing countries, 稳定塘waste stabilization ponds (1-3m deep basins, where the wastewater is maintained for 2-3 weeks) and 湿地wetlands for wastewater treatment are most effective. ; 藻类控制方法;遮光Shading the Water. Many botanical gardens attack algae by depriving it of sunlight with water dyes. Shade can also be supplied with surface-covering plants such as water lily leaves and floating plants like water hyacinth. Too much surface coverage can result in low oxygen levels. Yet another way to shade the pond surface is with a canopy of shadecloth or lattice. ;保持适量的沉水植物和漂浮植物与藻类竞争营养物. One bunch per square foot of water surface of submerged anacharis, Elodea(伊乐藻), or hornwort (金鱼藻) will keep the pond water free of algae as long as the pond is not over-stocked with fish. Northern ponds should use Elodea canadensis, which is more tolerant of cold water 利用大麦秆use of barley straw. Generally most effective at prevention when used from November through spring, it seems to keep th