新版轮机英语unit26 steering gear.pptVIP

Lesson26 Steering gear The direction of the ship is controlled by the steering gear. As the ship moves through the water, tile angle of the rudder(舵叶） at the stem（舵柱） determines the direction it will move. Modern ship are so big that moving the rudder necessitates the use of hydraulics or electrical power. The steering gear provides a movement of the rudder（舵） in response to a signal（信号） from the bridge（驾驶台）. The total system may be considered made up of three parts: control equipment（控制设备）, a power unit（动力单元） and a transmission to the rudder stock（转舵机构）. The control equipment conveys a signal of desired rudder angle （期望舵角）from the bridge and activates（触发） the power unit and transmission system until the desired angle is reached. The power unit provides the force, when required and with immediate effect, to move the rudder to the desired angle. The transmission system is means by which the movement of the rudder is accomplished. The steering（操舵) starts at the bridge. the required rudder angle is transmitted hydraulically or electrically from the steering wheel at the bridge to the telemotor (液压传动操舵装置） at the steering gear, just above the rudder. There are a few common arrangements for using hydraulic power. There are 4-rams（撞杆）,2-rams (fig.26-1) and rotary vane types（转叶式）. The heart of these hydraulic systems is the variable delivery pump（变量泵）. This type of pump can be controlled by just moving a spindle（控制杆）. The pump is driven by an electrical motor at constant speed. By moving the control spindle away from the central point, the pump stroke increases, and the hydraulic fluid is pumped in one direction. Moving the spindle more from the central point will cause more fluid to be pumped and consequently more pressure generated to drive the rams（撞杆）. Moving the control spindle back to the original position and then away in the opposite direction causes the hydraulic fluid to be pumped in the reversed direction. The rams will also move in the reversed di