曼昆经济学原理课件下宏观部分，北大课件chapter_32_a_macroeconomic_theory_of_the_open_economy_.pdfVIP

第三十二章 开放经济的宏观经济理论 A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy 1 开放经济中关键的宏观经济变量 Key Macroeconomic Variables in an Open Economy 开放经济的重要宏观经济变量包括： The important macroeconomic variables of an open economy include: 净出口 net exports 净国外投资 net foreign investment 名义汇率 nominal exchange rates 实际汇率 real exchange rates 2 开放经济的宏观经济模型的基本假设 Basic Assumptions of a Macroeconomic Model of an Open Economy 模型将经济的GDP当成给定的。 The model takes the economy’s GDP as given. 模型将经济的价格水平当成给定的。 The model takes the economy’s price level as given. 3 可贷资金市场 The Market for Loanable Funds S = I + NFI 在均衡利率水平上，人们想要储蓄的数量恰好 平衡了所需的投资和净国外投资的数量。 At the equilibrium interest rate, the amount that people want to save exactly balances the desired quantities of investment and net foreign investment. 4 可贷资金市场 The Market for Loanable Funds 可贷资金的供给来自于国民储蓄（S）。 The supply of loanable funds comes from national saving (S). 可贷资金的需求来自于国内投资 （I ）与 净国外投资 （NFI ）。 The demand for loanable funds comes from domestic investment (I) and net foreign investment (NFI). 5 可贷资金市场：供给 The Market for Loanable Funds: Supply 更高的实际利率鼓励人们储蓄并提高可 贷资金供给的数量。 A higher real interest rate encourages people to save and raises the quantity of loanable funds supplied.