河南省固始县茶区茶树生长的自然地理条件分析-analysis on the natural geographical conditions of tea tree growth in tea areas of gushi county, henan province.docx

河南省固始县茶区茶树生长的自然地理条件研究摘要二十一世纪是注重健康和饮食的时代，作为绿色饮品的茶叶日益受到人们的关注和青睐，而对茶树生长环境的研究也在不断深入进行中。本论文以北亚热带的河南省固始县茶区的茶树为研究对象，采用实地考察和资料分析相结合的方法，从气候、地形，土壤等因子入手，分析该区自然地理条件对茶树生长的作用，以揭示影响该区茶叶产量和品质的自然因素，为本区茶叶生产服务。通过对气候条件的研究发现，本区≥10℃活动积温、平均气温和5cm、25cm两层土温和国内高产茶区相比偏低，导致春季茶园开园迟、轮采次数少、茶叶单产低，却在一定程度上对提高茶叶品质有利。与国内其他茶区相比，本区年降水量适中，各月降水量与茶树生理需求相符，空气湿度大、云雾条件优、日温较差大、光照时间长，这些因素对茶叶品质的提高有利。茶区海拔在419-603m之间，相对较低，与基带的热量要求基本一致。主要茶园在坡向和坡度上选址合理，但地表反射能力强，茶园的小气候条件差，对气温的调节能力有限；区内土壤理化性质好，全P和速效P含量偏低，说明茶区有缺P的现象，应注意追施P肥。PH值和国内高产茶区相比偏高，影响本区茶叶单产的提高。微量元素含量丰富，重金属含量低，符合有机茶园土壤环境标准。总体本区茶叶单产量偏低，品质优越；春茶量大质优、夏茶产量居中，秋茶量小苦涩味浓。关键词：茶树生长气候地形土壤茶叶产量和品质影响因素Researchonphysico-geographicalconditionofteaplantsinGushitearegion,HenanprovinceAbstractThe21stcenturyisthetimeofhealthanddiet,andtheteawhichisregardasakindofgreenfoodhasbeengraduallyconcernedbypeople,sothestudyonthegrowthenvironmentofteaplantgoesdeeper.Inthispaper,basedonthefieldwork,dataanalysisandbeginningwithclimate,topography，soilandsoon,wetookteaplantofnorthsubtropicalzoneinGushitearegion,Henanprovinceasstudyobjectandinvestigatedhowtheecologicalenvironmenteffectedthegrowthofteaplantsoastofurtherrevealthefactorsthateffectedontheyieldandqualityoftheteainthisareaandservetheteaproduction.Bystudyingtheclimatecondition,wefoundthatthe≥10℃activeaccumulatedtemperature,themeantemperatureandsoiltemperatureof5cmand25cminthistearegionarelowerthanhigher-yieldingregionsathome,ledtothedelayofbeginpluckingoftheteagarden,thereductionoftimesofcyclepluckingandthelowperunitareayieldofthetea,andalsoledtoadvancethequalityofteaincertainextent.Theannualprecipitationinthisregionismoderateandmonthlyprecipitationiscomforttothephysiologicalrequirementsoftheteaplants.Besides,highairhumidity,superiorcloudandmist,excessivetemperaturedifferentials,longlightapplicationtimeareallbeneficialtoadvancethequalityofthetea.Thealtitudeofthetearegionisbetween419mand603mandrelativelylowandcoincideswiththethermalzone.Thesiteselectionliesinaspectandslopeofthemaingardenarerationalbuttherearealsosomedisadvantages,suchasthe