有机化学Chapt-01.pptVIP

Organic Chemistry What is Organic Chemistry ? Organic chemistry and you When we see The odour we smell The smell of the skunk is a mixture of two thiols(硫醇) The world of perfumery What about taste? Foundation of morden civilization—— Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry and this Lecture Chapt 1 Carbon Compound  and Chemical Bonds Leading to: What is the skeleton of an organic molecule Drawing organic molecules realistically in an easily understood style How organic chemists name molecules in writing and in speech Introduction Structure is the key to everything in chemistry 1.1 The structural theory of  organic chemistry 1) Two central premises are fundamental Polar Covalent Bonds The chlorine atom pulls the bonding electrons closer to it and becomes somewhat electron rich ? bears a partial negative charge (d–). The hydrogen atom becomes somewhat electron deficient ? bears a partial positive charge (d+). Polar and Nonpolar Molecules The polarity (dipole moment) of a molecule is the vector sum of the dipole moment of each individual polar bond. 3) Atomic orbitals  and Molecular orbitals A. Quantaum Mechanics C. The structure of Methane  and Ethane:sp3 hybridization 2. Structural Formulas Perspective Formula Lewis Structures 3. An Introduction to Delocalized  Electrons and Resonance 构造异构现象 结构是理解有机化合物性能的最关键的钥匙 官能团取代碳链异构体中不同位置的H原子形成的异构体。 D. The structure of Ethene (C2H4) : sp2 hybridization C: sp2 An s orbital and two of the p orbitals are hybridized to obtain three hybrid orbitals. sp2 The two p orbitals that overlap to form the bond must be parallel to each other for maximum overlap to occur. This covalent bond is known as a π bond. Cis-Trans Isomerism cis-1,2-Dichloroethene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Stereoisomers(立体异构) 1) Non-superposable ? Different compounds ? not constitutional (构造) isomers 2) Latin: cis, on the same side; trans, across. 3) Stereoisomers ? differ only in the arrangement of their atoms in s