操作系统第2章 （38页）.pptVIP

Hardware Protection When executing in monitor mode, the operating system has unrestricted access to both monitor and user’s memory. The load instructions for the base and limit registers are privileged instructions. CPU Protection-工作与休息 Timer（定时器） – interrupts computer after specified period to ensure operating system maintains control. Timer is decremented every clock tick. When timer reaches the value 0, an interrupt occurs. Timer commonly used to implement time sharing. Time also used to compute the current time. Load-timer is a privileged instruction. Network Structure Local Area Networks (LAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN) Local Area Network Structure Wide Area Network Structure OS system components CPU - Process management Memory - Main-memory management Disk - File management Storage system - Secondary-storage management I/O - I/O-system management 不同计算机连起来 - Networking 保护和安全 - Protection system 计算机为人所用 - User interface system summary 从OS角度看计算机系统 硬件保护 双模态、定时器 OS自身的系统组件 作业 1. How does the distinction between monitor mode and user mode function as a rudimentary form of protection (security) system? 2. What are the differences between a trap and an interrupt? What is the use of each function? 3. Which of the following instructions should be privileged? a. Set value of timer. b. Read the clock. c. Clear memory. d. Turn off interrupts. e. Switch from user to monitor mode. 4. Protecting the operating system is crucial to ensuring that the computer system operates correctly. Provision of this protection is the reason behind dual-mode operation, memory protection, and the timer. To allow maximum flexibility, however, we would also like to place minimal constraints on the user. The following is a list of operations that are normally protected. What is the minimal set of instructions that must be protected? a. Change to user mode. b. Change to monitor mode. c. Read from monitor memory. d. Write into monitor memory. e. Fetch an instruction from monitor memory. f. Turn on ti