Lecture19 Buddhism Nov 10 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT教学文稿.pptVIP

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Lecture19 Buddhism Nov 10 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT教学文稿.ppt

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* Buddhism * The Buddha (Siddhārtha Gautama) Accounts of the Buddha’s life were not written down until about three hundred years after his death Before that, stories were preserved orally, through communal chanting Traditional dates: 563—483 BCE (Confucius 551-479 BC) However… Not all Buddhist sects accept these dates Some recent scholarship suggests a date roughly 100 years later * Buddha Often called Shakyamuni Buddha Not claimed to be the only Buddha Four previous Buddhas (some traditions assume many more) Not claimed to be the last Buddha Some traditions say: another, final Buddha will come when this Buddha’s teachings have been forgotten * The Four Noble Truths Life is suffering – dukkha The cause of suffering is desire, grapsing, craving – tanha There is an end to suffering The end is to follow the noble Eightfold Path * The Eightfold Path Wisdom: Right Understanding Right Resolve Morality Right Speech Right Action Right Livelihood Meditation Right Effort Right Mindfulness Right Meditation * Humans and Gods Gods are reborn in various kinds of paradise. There are 26 levels of heaven Being reborn as a god is desirable, but paradise can bring complacency Gods, like humans, are striving for Nirvana In some ways, humans have advantages over gods They are constantly reminded of what is undesirable, which can spur them to seek enlightenment Release from the Wheel? Realizing the twelve conditions of interdependent Arising Mindfulness (Fourfold Establishment of Mindfulness) Nirvana * * Theravada and Mahayana Theravada is “the way of the elders.” It seems to be the older form of Buddhism Mahayana means “great vehicle” It offers a “universal way to salvation” It does not require monastic discipline or meditation * Buddhist Ideals The Theravadan ideal is the Arhat – the enlightened person The Mahayana ideal is the Bohdisattva – the compassionate being who postpones Nirvana to bring all beings to enlightenment Mahayana tradition came to recognize many Bodhisattvas On