语言测试与理论.pptVIP

The alternative is to establish a series of well-defined short-term objectives. These should make a clear progression towards the final achievement test based on course objectives. Are there any other tests like achievement tests? Please give some examples. Diagnostic tests Diagnostic tests are used to identify students’ strengths and weaknesses. They are intended primarily to ascertain what further teaching is necessary. Placement tests Placement tests, as their name suggests, are intended to provide information which will help to place students at the stage (or in the part) of the teaching programme most appropriate to their abilities. Typically they are used to assign students to classes at different levels. Kinds of testing: Direct versus indirect testing Discrete point versus integrative testing Norm-referenced versus criterion-referenced testing Objective testing versus subjective testing Communicative language testing Direct versus indirect testing Direct testing refers to the testing that requires the candidate to perform precisely the skill which we wish to measure. If we want to know how well candidates can write compositions, we get them to write compositions. If we want to know how well they pronounce a language, we get them to speak. The tasks, and the texts which are used, should be as authentic as possible. The fact that candidates are aware that they are in a test situation means that the tasks cannot be really authentic. Nevertheless the effort is made to make them as realistic as possible. Direct testing is easier to carry out when it is intended to measure the productive skills of speaking and writing. The very acts of speaking and writing provide us with information about the candidate’s ability. With listening and reading, however, it is necessary to get candidates not only to listen or read but also to demonstrate that they have done this successfully. Direct testing has a number of attractions.