Microbial Ecology（Chapter 9）知识介绍.ppt

Chapter 9 Microbial Ecology;Chapter outline; Concepts;Microbial ecology = ? Environmental microbiology;Environmental microbiology is relates primarily to all over microbial processes that occur in a soil, water or food, as examples. It is not concerned with the particular micro- environment where the microorganisms actually are functioning, but with the broader-scale effects of micro-bial presence and activities.;Metabolically related populations constitute groupings called guilds.;;;Community 3;;Microorganisms in Nature;The distribution of microorganisms in nature ecosystem depends on the resources (nutrients) available and on the growth conditions. ;Soil particles are not homogeneous in terms of their oxygen content. The outer zones of a small soil particle may be fully oxic, whereas the center, only a very short distance away, can remain completely anoxic. ;A soil aggregate composed of mineral and organic components, showing that localization of soil microbes. Very few microorganisms are found free in the soil solution; most of them occur as microcolonies attached to the soil particles.;Proportion of different soil microorganisms in soil;Microbos;Agrobacterium;The rhizosphere is the soil region in close contact with plant roots.;(1) removing hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to the plant roots (2) increasing solubilization of mineral nutrients needed by the plant for growth (3) synthesizing vitamins, amino acids, auxins, gibberellins that stimulate plant growth (4) antagonizing potential plant pathogens through competition and the production of antibiotics ;Freshwater Environments;Marine Environments ;;Neutralism there is no any physiological effect between the populations.;Synergism Synergism indicates that both populations benefit from the relationship but the association is not obligatory. Both populations are capable of surviving independently. .;Mutualism Symbiosis Mutualism Symbiosis is an obligatory inter- relationship bet