ThePhysicsofRadiology-chapter5-2 放射物理 英文版 演示教学.ppt

* Measurement of Radiation: InstrumentationTechniques Part Two BME College Sherman Sheen(辛学刚) The Physics of Radiology Operational amplifiers Example. Suppose the amplifier of Figure has an open loop gain of 105 and an input voltage of 1.0 volts is applied to the circuit. Let R = 1.0 MΩ, and Rf = 10.0 MΩ. Calculate the output voltage and the error voltage. Output voltage Error voltage 6. This should now be corrected for temperature and pressure A calibration can equally well be performed using the electrometer as a charge measuring device and the same answer should be obtained. One would proceed as follows: 1. Set the electrometer to measure charge. 2. Ground S and null the device, open S. 3. Turn on the unit for 10 s and measure the charge Q1. 4. Ground the electrometer and readjust the zero, open S. 5. Turn on the Unit for 70 s and measure a charge Q2. 6. The Charge produced in the ion in 1 min is Q2-Q1. 7. Measure the leakage QL in 1 min with the machine off. It should be negligible compared to Q2-Q1. If it is not, clean the insulator. Guarded Construction 1、the central electrode, as before, is imbedded 　in a good insulator ２、insulator is covered with a thin layer of graphite 　　and surrounded by a metal braid ３、covered by a sheath of insulation and another 　　metal braid ４、finally covered by a rubber sheath Condenser Chambers conducting layer of carbon on the inside of the hollow insulator, the outer metal shield that is connected to the conducting layer of carbon on the inside wall of the ion chamber the Victoreen R-meter Townsend Balance Q＝CV Farmer dosimeter Types of Ion Chambers and application ABSOLUTE DOSIMETRY precisely known calibration factor a stable ion chamber Farmer type dosimeter BUILDUP MEASUREMENTS the dose to the surface of the skin thin walled chamber BEAM PROFILE MEASUREMENTS explore the edges of a beam cylindrical ion chamber of small diameter DOSE TO PERSONNEL the condenser ty