[英语学习]词汇学讲义.ppt

* ENGLISH LEXCOLOGY Lecturer He Yongbin * Chapter XII ENGLISH DICTIONARIES AND HOW TO USE THEM * English Dictionaries and How to Use Them Introductory Remarks Types of Dictionaries The Choice of a Dictionary How to Use a Dictionary * Introductory Remarks Lexicology and dictionaries Trends of English dictionaries---prescriptive and descriptive dictionaries Why the general trend of modern dictionaries is descriptive rather than prescriptive? * Lexicology and dictionaries Lexicology is closely related to dictionaries, because lexicology is mainly concerned with the form, meaning, and usage of words and other lexical units, and dictionaries list these units and provide materials in connection with the above features. The principles of modern dictionary-making and the contents of each entry are based on the findings of lexicology, while the materials provided in dictionaries are widely used by lexicologists in their research. The lexical information required by learners and users of a language is furnished by dictionaries. 返回 * Prescriptive dictionaries Prescriptive dictionaries are those regarded as the norm of spelling , meaning, and usage of English words. Samual Johnson’s A Dictionary of the English Language (1755) Noah Webster’s American Dictionary of the English Language (1928) and The Second Webster (1934) 返回 * Descriptive Dictionaries Descriptive dictionaries do not form but register the language. They state meaning in which words are in fact used. They do not give editorial opinion on what their meanings should be. OED in Britain The Third Webster in America 返回 * Types of Dictionaries Linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedic dictionaries General and special dictionaries monolingual and bilingual dictionaries synchronic and diachronic dictionaries unabridged, medium-sized, and pocket dictionaries ideological dictionaries monolingual dictionaries for non-native learners * The choice of a dictionary Suitability Contents Aut