信息科学和 与电子工程专业英语 Unit 4 Communication and Information Theory.ppt

Technical English For Information Science and Electronic Engineering Unit 4 Communication and Information Theory Part I Telecommunication 3 New Words semaphore 旗语 heliograph 日光仪 revenue 收入，税收 gross product 总产值，总产量 transceiver 收发器 degrade 退化，降级 threshold 阈值，上限，下限 intact 完好的，完整的 router 路由器 switch 交换器，交换 repeater 中继器，转发器 combat 抗击 attenuation 衰减 render 表示，表现，再现 indistinguishable 难以分辨的 allocate 分派 recur 复发，再发生 keying 键控(法) superimpose 叠加，重叠 DJ (disk jockey) 播音员，节目主持 4 1 Telecommunication is the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. In modern times, this process typically involves the sending of electromagnetic waves by electronic transmitters, but in earlier times telecommunication may have involved the use of smoke signals, drums or semaphore or heliograph. 在早期远程通信包括使用烟火信号，鼓或旗语或日光仪 7 3 Basic elements Each telecommunication system consists of three basic elements: a transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signal, a transmission medium over which the signal is transmitted, and a receiver that receives the signal and converts it back into usable information. 8 4 Consider a radio broadcast for example. The broadcast tower is the transmitter, the radio is the receiver and the transmission medium is free space. Often telecommunication systems are two-way, and a single device acts as both a transmitter and receiver, or transceiver. For example, a mobile phone is a transceiver. 9 5 Telecommunication over a phone line is called point-to-point communication because it is between one transmitter and one receiver. Telecommunication through radio broadcasts is called broadcast (or point-to-multipoint) communication because it is between one powerful transmitter and numerous receivers. 10 6 Analogue or digital Signals can either be analogue or digital. In an analogue signal, the signal is varied continuously with respect to the information. In a digital signal, the information is encoded as a set of discrete values (for examp