商业决策技术知识课件 04Quantitative Methods For Decision Makers Chapter 4 Management statistics.pptVIP

Quantitative Methods For Decision Makers3rd Edition;Learning Objectives;Measures of average;Arithmetic Mean;Median;Review Example:Summary Statistics;Mean is generally used, unless extreme values (outliers) exist Then median is often used, since the median is not sensitive to extreme values. Example: Median home prices may be reported for a region – less sensitive to outliers;Same center, different variation;Range; Ignores the way in which data are distributed Sensitive to outliers ;Average (approximately) of squared deviations of values from the mean Sample variance:;Standard Deviation;Measuring variation;Population and sample;Population: variance and standard deviation;Coefficient of Variation;Comparing Coefficient of Variation;Quartiles;Quartile Formulas;Quartile Rules; (n = 9) Q1 is in the (9+1)/4 = 2.5 position of the ranked data so use the value half way between the 2nd and 3rd values, so Q1 = 12.5; (n = 9) Q1 is in the (9+1)/4 = 2.5 position of the ranked data, so Q1 = 12.5 Q2 is in the (9+1)/2 = 5th position of the ranked data, so Q2 = median = 16 Q3 is in the 3(9+1)/4 = 7.5 position of the ranked data, so Q3 = 19.5;Interquartile Range;Coefficient of skewness;Calculating statistics for aggregated data;Calculating statistics for aggregated data;Calculating statistics for aggregated data;Index numbers;Index numbers;Features of the two methods;