辣椒清选分离装置分离机理的分析及结构优化-analysis of separation mechanism and structural optimization of pepper cleaning and separating device.docx

摘要辣椒实现规模化种植，辣椒机械化收获成为发展趋势，辣椒收获机的应用在提高辣椒收获效率的同时由于缺少性能可靠的清选分离装置，导致所收辣椒含有大量的椒秆、椒叶，含杂率较高。为此，石河子大学机电学院在4LZ-3.0自走式辣椒收获机上设计了一款辣椒清选分离装置，该装置将气流与星形轮机构相结合，不仅可以借助气流将椒叶等轻杂质分离，而且可以借助星形轮将椒秆清选，但是该装置在田间试验时出现椒秆、椒叶清选分离效果不理想，含杂率较高、性能不稳定等问题。本文进行辣椒清选分离方面的研究，探究辣椒、椒叶、椒秆清选分离机理，对其进行优化，改善其清选分离效果。选取线辣椒为试验对象，研究机采线辣椒混合物物料特性，获得线辣椒的含水率、长度、直径、质量，椒秆的长度、直径，椒叶的质量、表面积。对现有清选分离装置进行试验分析，提出优化方案，设计制造试验台。分析线辣椒及椒叶在垂直气流场受力情况，建立了线辣椒、椒叶悬浮速度模型，通过试验法确定分离椒叶的气流范围为4-6m/s。借助单因素试验及Box-Behnken试验，建立关于辣椒清选率的三元二次回归方程，对模型进行分析，获得较优参数组合：星形盘间距为90mm，星形盘转速为108.7r/min，星形轮组筛面倾斜角为2°，辣椒清洁率为89.58%。本文探明了辣椒清选分离机理，提高了星形轮及气流复式清选分离装置的清选分离效果，也为相关农业机械的研究提供了理论依据。关键词：线辣椒；清选分离机理；响应曲面法；优化IIIAbstractTheplantingmodelofpeppershadbeenlarge-scale,themechanizationhadbeenatendencytoharvestthepeppers,theapplicationofpepperharvesternotonlyimprovedtheharvestingefficiency,butalsoledtoanumberofleaves、stalkswhichweremixedintothepeppers,thetrashcontentwashighbecauseofthelackofspecialcleaningandseparatingdevice.Tosolvetheproblem,akindofcleaningandseparatingdeviceswasdesignedin4LZ-3.0Self-PropelledPepperHarvesterbyMechanicalandElectricalEngineeringCollege,ShiheziUniversity.Thisdevicenotonlycleanedthelittleimpuritiessuchastheleavesbytheairflow,butalsoseparatedthestalksbythestaraxles.Butsomeproblemsappearedwhentested,thecleaningandseparatingresultwaspoor,thetrashcontentwashigh,theperformancewasunstable.Thispapercarriedoutthefollowingworkstofindoutthecleaningandseparatingmechanismsoastoimproveitscleaningandseparatingresults.Iselectedthelinepeppersastheobjectstoanalyzethematerialfeaturessuchasthelinepepper’smoisturecontentlength、diamandquality,thepepperstalk’slengthanddiam,theleaf’squalityandarea.Onthebasisoftheanalysisaboutthetestresultofprimarydevice,thispaperbroughtabouttheprojecttooptimizethedevice,designedthetester.Ibuiltupthemodelofthesuspensionspeedofthelinepepperandleafbyanalyzingtheforces.Atlast,therangeofairflowwasdeterminedonthebasisoftherelationshipbetweenthesuspensionspeedandtheairflowwhichwas4-6m/s.ThispaperappliedRSMtoconductthetests,thequadraticreg