概率和 与统计（英文）chapter 8 Tests of Hypotheses Based on a Single Sample.pptVIP

Chapter 8  Tests of Hypotheses Based on a Single Sample;Introduction;8.1 Hypotheses and Test Procedures;; In this sense, the claim of innocence is the favored or protected hypothesis, and the burden of proof is placed on those who believe in the alternative claim. Similarly, in testing statistical hypotheses, the problem will be formulated so that one of the claims is initially favored. This initially favored claim will not be rejected in favor of the alternative claim unless sample evidence contradicts it and provides strong support for the alternative assertion. ;Propose a Hypothese (step 1) Example 1: Suppose a company is considering putting a new type of coating on bearings that it produces .The true average wear life with the current coating is known to be 1000 hours. Withμdenoting the true average life for the new coating ,the company would not want to make a change unless evidence strongly suggested thatμexceeds 1000 .; Example 2: An engineer has suggested a change in the production process in the belief that it will result in a reduced defective rate. Let p denote the true proportion of detective boards resulting from the changed process, and p=0.1 in unchanged process. Please give the reasonable hypothesis.;Scientific research often involves trying to decide whether a current theory should be replaced by a more plausible and satisfactory explanation of the phenomenon under investigation . A conservative approach is to identify the current theory with and the researcher’s alternative explanation with . ;Summary of Forms for Null and Alternative Hypotheses Let μ0 denote the specific numerical value being considered in the null and alternative hypotheses. In general, a hypothesis test about the values of a population mean μ must take one of the following three forms.; Rejection of the current theory will then occur only when evidence is much more consistent with the new theory .In many situations, is referred to as t