兰州市城区单点气溶胶细粒子pm2.5中有机污染物分析与研究-analysis and research on organic pollutants in single aerosol particle pm 2.5 in lanzhou city.docx

摘要大气气溶胶是一种对人体健康、环境和气候产生重要影响的大气污染物，对 于它的研究近些年来趋向于其中的细颗粒物CPM2.5)，它对人体健康的危害远比 粗颗粒物大，而且是引起城市大气能见度降低的重要因素。通过对气溶胶中 PM2.5 的研究，有助于了解大气环境的质量状况，尤其是其中有机污染物的分析 可以为大气环境的改善、污染物的治理提供科学的依据。本研究使用 GC-MS 联用 仪，从 2008 年夏季开始采集兰州市的大气 PM2.5 样品，分析了夏、秋、冬三季 中 PM2.5 的污染状况，以及冬季 PMI0 的污染情况。实验结果表明，在采集样品 的时间段内，PM2.5 和 PMI0 普遍超标。而且 PM2.5 在 PMI0 中所占比例有逐年上 升的趋势。在这项研究中，共测得 32 种有机污染物，以炕经为主，烯经次之， 并同时包括醋类、酣类和醇类物质，其中夏、秋两季的污染物成分变化不大，而 冬季的有机物成分变化较大，这与冬季燃煤供暖有关。以上大气有机污染物，都 是化学合成原料、合成中间体，主要来源于有机合成过程、汽车尾气的排放等， 并且这些有机物都对人体的呼吸系统具有一定的剌激作用，如果长期吸入会引起 肺炎、肺水肿、肺结核等疾病。甘肃省是我国肺部疾病的高发地区，这种现象的 产生与大气中有机污染物的存在有密不可分的关系。最后通过与类似研究的比 较，基本可以确定有机污染物中的炕经主要来源于汽车尾气的排放。关键词:PM2.5:大气气溶胶:大气样品:气相色谱·质谱联用技术:兰州AbstractAir aerosol is a sort of pollutant which poses a negative effect on human health， environment and climate change. Research concerning aerosol takes up the trend which attaches more importance to fine particle， namely PM2.5. The reason is that fine particle does more harm to human health than coarse particle and causes low atmosphere visibility. By means of research on PM2.5， we could know more about overall air quality. Especially， research of organic pollutants could provide scientific evidence for air quality improvement and air pollution control. Equipped with GC-MS method， air samples were collected from the summer of 2008. Pollution condition resulting from PM2.5 in summer， autumn， winter were assessed. Meanwhile pollution status of PMI0 in winter was also observed. Results indicate that concentration of PM2.5 and PMI0 is generally beyond national limit (there is no standard for PM2.5 in China， so we apply the criterium for PM2.5 of the U.S.).PM2.5s proportion over PMI0 is increasing. From above，we could see that PM2.5research is of vital importance to atmosphere analysis while there is no national standard we could depend on， which worsens the current situation. 32 organic pollutants were observed. Alkane occupies the biggest part， while alkene with a second large proportion. Ester， ketone， alcohol were within