非谓语22.docVIP

非谓语动词作主语 不定式和动名词都可以作主语 ⒈不定式和动名词作主语不定式和动名词作主语不定式和动名词作主语的区别动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)形式主语it不定式做主语，用it形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。…to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） 3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 如果要说明不定式的动作执行者用 for. 常不定式用it形式主语的句型有：1）It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do2）It’s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave)of sb. to do.动名词用it形式主语的句型 ) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。 )It is + useless (nice, good，worthwhileinteresting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth． It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构 1)不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或宾格代词)+ 不定式。例如：I found it impossible for him to do the job alone．我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。这类词主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 例如：It was wise of him to do that．他那样做是明智的。It is very kind of you to help me．你帮助我太好了。间或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。 Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。2)动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词。例如：Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wifes working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。students’ knowing Englis