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考研英语翻阅读理解应试技巧2
考试点(www.kaoshidian.com)名师精品课程 电话:400-6885-365
十六、数字、范围推断常考
真题举例1
1.Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100fe
males,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70yearoldsthere
aretwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.
Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbean
excessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchance
fornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)
survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayit
makesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhas
gone.
2.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeo
pleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhas15children.
Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythe
samenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotake
advantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthe
greatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthe
sameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring— meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper
middleclassIndiacomparedtothetribes.
3.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasin
volvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000
years— eventhepast100years— ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnot
evolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofe
volution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhis
comprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforits
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