考研英语翻阅读理解应试技巧2.pdf

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考研英语翻阅读理解应试技巧2

考试点(www.kaoshidian.com)名师精品课程 电话:400-6885-365 十六、数字、范围推断常考 真题举例1 1.Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100fe males,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70yearoldsthere aretwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged. Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbean excessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchance fornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby) survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayit makesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhas gone. 2.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeo pleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhas15children. Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythe samenumberofoffspring.Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotake advantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthe greatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthe sameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring— meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper middleclassIndiacomparedtothetribes. 3.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasin volvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000 years— eventhepast100years— ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnot evolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofe volution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhis comprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforits

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