语言学2 functions of language.pptVIP

1.5 functions of language I’ve got a knife. Do you have a knife? How are you? Malinowski(1923) regards language not as a self-contained system ,but as entirely dependent on the society in which it is used. three major functions of language: (1).The pragmatic function: Language as a form of action. (2) The magical function: language as a means of control over environment. (3) The phatic function: language as a means to help establish and maintain social relations. specific functions ------ the particular individual use of language while metafunctions 元------ the larger, more general purposes underlying language use. 7 specific functions: 1.emotive (expressive) function: releases feelings. Swear words, obscenities, exclamation , involuntary verbal reactions. 2 phatic function: Good morning. How are you 3 Recording function 4 Identifying function: Language marks our identity, physically in terms of age, sex, and voiceprints; psychologically in terms of language and personality, intelligence; geographically in terms of accents, dialects; ethnically and socially in terms of social stratification, class ,status, role, solidarity and distance. (David Crystal,1992) 5 Reasoning function: speaking and writing are forms of thought. 6 communication function: referential /propositional function. 7 Pleasure function: nonsensical lyrics the repetitive rhythms the melody of certain combinations of sounds. metafunctions of language eg. The phoneme /b/ is a -voiced bilabial stop is in ~. Meta-language used to analyze or describe a language.( self-reflective) Eg the lion ate the unicorn all around the town----All around the town the lion ate the unicorn IDEATIONAL INTERPERSONAL TEXUAL functions. Ideational function constructs a model of experience and constructs logical relations. When we use language to identify things ,to think ,or to record information, we use lan