语言学流派Chapter 10 Comsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar.pptVIP

Chapter Ten Chomsky and Transformational-Generative Grammar 10. 1 Introduction In the late 1950, a new theory appeared in America, which violently punched the prevailing structuralist descriptive linguistics. The founder of this new theory was Avram Noam Chomsky, a student of Hebrew with the structuralist methodology. When he found that the classification of structural elements of language according to distribution and arrangement had its serious limitations, he tried some innovative means and gradually established the well-known Transformational-Generative (TG) Grammar. From its birth to the present day, TG grammar has seen five stages of development. The logical structure of linguistic theory (1955-1965) aims to make linguistics a science, so it is also known as the First Linguistic Model, marked by Chomskys two major publications, The logical Structure of Linguistic Theory (1955) and Syntactic Structures (1957). The Standard Theory (1965-1970) deals with how semantics should be studied in a linguistics theory. Representative works are Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965) and Language and Mind (1968). The Extended Standard Theory (1970-1980) focuses the discussion on language universals and universal grammar. Important works include Remarks on Nominalization (1970), Reflections on Language (1975), and Rules and Representations (1980). The Revised Extended Standard Theory (1980-1992) focuses the discussion on government and binding, and is also called Government and Binding (GB) Theory. The Minimalist Program (starting from 1992) is a yet further revision of Chomsky’s theory. 10.2 Chomsky the Man Born in a Jewish family in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1928, Chomsky was influenced by his father, a scholar of Hebrew. He received his early education at the Oak Lane County Day School and the Central High School, Philadelphia. In his undergraduate years at the University of Pennsylvania, he studied linguistics, mathematics, and philosophy. In 1951 he finished hi