(医学各论课件）23、夏5Respiration-2-2014讲解材料.pptVIP

Respiration 2;Gas exchange;Physical principles of gas exchange;Laws governing gas diffusion;Laws governing gas diffusion; D: Rate of gas diffusion T: Absolute temperature A: Area of diffusion S: Solubility of the gas ?P: Difference of partial pressure d: Distance of diffusion MW: Molecular weight;Changes in the concentration of dissolved gases are indicated as the blood circulates in the body. Oxygen is converted to water in cells; cells release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of fuel catabolism.;In lungs;Oxygen diffusion along the length of the pulmonary capillaries quickly achieves diffusional equilibrium, unless disease processes in the lungs reduce the rate of diffusion.;In tissue;Factors that affect pulmonary gas exchange;Respiratory membrane;Ventilation-perfusion ratio ;Ventilation-perfusion ratio ;Gas transport in the blood;Transport of oxygen;Adding hemoglobin to compartment B substantially increases the total amount of oxygen in that compartment, since the bound oxygen is no longer part of the diffusional equilibrium.;Hb + O2 HbO2 ;Oxygen capacity The maximal amount of O2 that can combine with Hb at high PO2 Oxygen content The amount of O2 that combines with Hb Oxygen saturation (O2 content / O2 capacity) x 100%;Cyanosis;Carbon monoxide poisoning ;Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve;Factors that shift oxygen dissociation curve;Bohr Effect;Chemical and thermal factors that alter hemoglobin’s affinity to bind oxygen alter the ease of “loading” and “unloading” this gas in the lungs and near the active cells.;Transport of carbon dioxide;tissue capillaries;pulmonary capillaries;Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve;Haldane Effect;Bohr effect and Haldane effect;Regulation of respiration;Respiratory center;Respiratory center;;Pulmonary mechanoreceptors;;Hering-Breuer inflation reflex(Pulmonary stretch reflex);Hering-Breuer reflex;Chemical control of respiration;Central chemoreceptors;Chemosensory neurons that respond to cha