英语必修54.3B级.docVIP

Module Carnival Period 3 grammar B级 编 号：2 编写人： 梅奎 魏聪 彭倩 审核人： 审批人： 班 组： 姓 名： 组 评： 师 评： Teaching aim: Verb forms: 被动语态的用法小结 被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，其句子的谓语动词是“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。此外，被动语态的句子还有各种时态的变化，都体现在be上。 下面我们详细的来了解一下： ★使用被动语态的场合 不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如： Computers are widely used in transport. The house has been broken into. 强调动作的承受者时。如： A third ring will be built around this city. 出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如： Much has been said but little has been done about the issue. 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如： It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city. 特别记住下列句型： It is hoped that … 希望…… It is supposed that … 据推测说…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen that … 由此可以看出…… It is known that … 据说…… It is well known that …众所周知…… It is believed that … 有人相信…… It is thought that … 人们认为…… ★主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况： 1. lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如: The door doesn’t open easily. Bikes of that kind hardly sell. 2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen等状态动词或不及物动词及词组,虽然有被动意义,但要用主动形式。如: The meeting lasted two hours. 3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, remain等这些比较特殊的系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。如: His theory sounds reasonable. The dish smells delicious. 4. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如: This dictionary is well worth buying. 5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如: What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict. 6. 不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如: She has an old grandfather to look after. Have you any homework to do this evening? 7. 主语＋系动词＋to do结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于sth. ＋be to let / rent或sb. ＋be ＋to blame结构中。如: It’s not my fault; she is to blame.to在被动语态中不可省。 The boss made him work overtime.→He was made to work overtime. get+过去分词也可构成被动语态 像get + married/beaten/broken/damaged/repai