Lecture_4Testing Hypotheses about Proportions 生物统计课件培训资料.pptxVIP

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Lecture_4Testing Hypotheses about Proportions 生物统计课件培训资料.pptx

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Lecture_4Testing Hypotheses about Proportions 生物统计课件培训资料.pptx

IV. Testing Hypotheses about Proportions;A. Inference for a Population Proportion (p.46);Point Estimate and Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion (p. 46-47);Example 1: (p. 47-48);Example 1: (continued);Example (continued);B. Comparing Two Population Proportions: 2x2 Tables (p. 50);2x2 Contingency Table (p. 50);Significance Testing (p. 51);Comments (p. 52);Example (p.51); 2x2 Contingency Table (p. 51);0.001 p 0.010 Conclusion: These data indicate that there is a statistically significant association between use of Minoxidil and hair growth (p 0.01) If H1 was one-sided (i.e. Minoxidil increases the probability of hair growth), then z = sqrt(9) = 3, and p = 0.001 from Table A.3. These data indicate that there is a statistically significant increase in the likelihood of hair growth using Minoxidil (p = 0.001) ;Odds Ratio (p. 53);Comments;C. Study Designs for Comparing Proportions (pps. 54-59);Example: Cross-sectional Study (p.54);Cross-sectional Study - Hypotheses (p. 55);Cross-Sectional Study: 2x2 Table (p. 55);Significance Testing 0.10 p 0.25 OR = ad/bc = (10*135)/(40/15) = 2.25 Conclusions: “These data do not show a statistically significant association between brain cancer and cellular telephone use (p 0.10)” “The odds of brain cancer for individuals using cell phones is 2.25 times that for individuals not using cell phones”;Example: Cohort Study (p.56);Cohort Study: Hypotheses (p. 56);Cohort Study: 2x2 Table (p. 56);Significance Testing (p. 57);Example: Case-control Study (p.57);Case-control Study: Hypotheses (p. 57-58);Case-control Study: 2x2 Table (p. 58);Case-control Study: Significance Testing (pp. 58-59);Summary (p. 59);Which design to use? (p. 59);Which design to use? (p. 59);D. Sample Size Determination for Comparing Two Proportions(p.60-1);Sample Size Determination (p.60) ;Table of Percentiles (p. 33);Example (p. 60-61);Example (continued, p. 61);E. Paired Data: McNemar’s Chi-square Test (pp. 63-64);Example 1: (p. 64); ;Example 1 (con