外文文献： 该化石的残局战略石油价格歧视和碳税The Fossil Endgame Strategic Oil Price Discrimination and Carbon Taxation.pdfVIP

R September 20 11  RFF DP 11-26 E P A The Fossil Endgame P Strategic Oil Price Discrimination and Carbon Taxation N O J i egen Wi e , M a gnus We nnl oc k , D a niel J. A. I J ohanss on, and Thoma s Ster ner S S U C S I 1616 P St. NW Washington, DC 20036 D 202-328-5000 The Fossil Endgame: Strategic Oil Price Discrimination and Carbon Taxation Jiegen Wie, Magnus Wennlock, Daniel J.A. Johansson, and Thomas Sterner Abstract This paper analyzes how fossil fuel-producing countries can counteract climate policy. We analyze the exhaustion of oil resources and the subsequent transition to a backstop technology as a strategic game between the consumers and producers of oil, which we refer to simply as ―OECD‖ and ―OPEC,‖ respectively. The consumers, OECD, derive benefits from oil, but worry about climate effects from carbon dioxide emissions. OECD has two instruments to manage this: it can tax fuel consumption and decide when to switch to a carbon-neutral backstop technology. The tax reduces climate damage and also appropriates some of the resource rent. OPEC retaliates by choosing a strategy of price discrimination, subsidizing oil in its domestic markets. The results show that price discrimination enables OPEC to avoid some of the adverse consequences of OECD’s fuel tax and its switch to the backstop technology by consuming a larger share of the oil in its own domestic markets. Our results suggest that persuading fossil exporters to stop subsidizing domestic consumption will be difficult. Key Words: dynamic games, stock externalities, carbon tax, non-renewable resources, energy subsidies JEL Classification Numbers: D62, H23, Q34, Q54 © 2011 Resources for the Future. All rights reserved. No portion of this pap