Respiratory System Disorders and Diseases：呼吸系统疾病和疾病.pptVIP

Lung Cancer (cont.): The most common form originates from the epithelium and is called bronchogenic carcinoma. This type of cancer is a response to irritation, such as prolonged exposure to tobacco smoke. Lung Cancer (cont.): Bronchogenic carcinoma can spread quickly and establish secondary cancers in the lymph nodes, liver, bones, rain, or kidneys. Lung cancer is difficult to control. It is usually treated with surgery, ionizing radiation, and drugs (chemotherapy). The survival rate remains low. Lung Cancer (cont.): Respiratory System Disorders and Diseases Deviated Septum: As a person ages, the nasal septum bends toward one side or the other. A deviated septum may obstruct the nasal cavity, making breathing difficult. Can be repaired through surgery. Sinus Headache: A painful sinus headache can result from blocked drainage, caused by an infection or allergic reaction. Can be remedied through antibiotics and pain medication. Nodules: Nodules or other growths on the margins of the vocal folds can interfere with the free flow of air over the folds. Can be removed through surgery. Laryngitis: Laryngitis is a hoarseness or lack of voice. Occurs when the mucous membrane of the larynx becomes inflamed and swollen from an infection or an irritation from inhaled vapors. Prevents the vocal cords from vibrating freely Laryngitis (cont.): Usually mild, but may be dangerous if swollen tissues obstruct the airway and interfere with breathing. Inserting an endotracheal tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth can restore the passageway until the inflammation subsides. Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Surfactant is particularly important in the minutes after birth, when the newborn’s lungs inflate for the first time. Premature infants often suffer from RDS because they do not produce enough surfactant. A synthetic surfactant dripped into the tiny lungs through an endotracheal tube and a ventilator machine help. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: An upper respirato