青岛传统渔村文化研究——以青山渔村为案例-study on qingdao traditional fishing village culture - a case study of qingshan fishing village.docx

青岛传统渔村文化研究——以青山渔村为案例 摘要渔村文化在我国优秀传统文化中占据重要的位置，包括物质文化和非物质文 化两类。目前，国家在保护物质文化遗产方面已经做了很大的努力，但是还是无 法阻止很多珍贵文化的消失。青岛海岸线众多，在长久的历史发展过程中，沿海形成了很多的小渔村，从 远古时代这一地区就已经出现了渔业文明的曙光。在几千年的渔业发展历程中， 形成了独特的青岛传统渔村文化。其中包括以海草房为代表的典型的渔村建筑形 式、与内地风格截然不同的龙王庙、天后宫等有形物质文化；还有定期举办祭海 仪式以祈求渔业丰收和内容丰富的海洋传说等非物质文化。很多传统文化现在已 经被列入了国家级物质文化遗产保护目录。近现代以来，伴随着城市化进程的加快，青岛渔村的分布发生了很大的变化， 很多渔村已经消亡了，而那些无形的非物质文化所面临的困境更为严峻。本文以 青山渔村为例，通过对青山当地的农渔业习俗、捕捞工具、海洋信仰、海洋传说、 民间工艺等进行实地调查，通过走访分析并且与其他的渔村进行比较，从而概括 出目前青岛传统渔村文化的内涵、具体内容及其发展状况。对青岛渔村文化的特 点做了详细的分析，并对其所面临的现状及其原因做出合理的解析。最后对如何 传承和保护青岛传统渔村文化提出自己的建议。关键词：传统渔村文化青山渔村海洋信仰民间工艺保护传承Study on the traditional Culture of Qingdao fishing VillagesAbstractFishing village culture occupies an important position in Chinese excellent traditional culture, including material culture and non-material culture. Currently, the protection of intangible cultural heritage has made a great effort, but it still cannot stop the disappearance of a lot of precious culture.In the long process of historical development along the coastline of Qingdao there formed a lot of small coastal fishing villages. Since ancient times there appeared the fisheries civilization. In the course of thousands of years of fisheries development, a unique traditional culture was formed in Qingdao fishing villages, including typical fishing village housing construction in the form of seaweed, the Dragon King Temple, the Temple of Heavenly Queen, and other tangible material culture different from the inland styles. What is more, there are rich non-material culture such as sea offering ceremonies held regularly to pray for a good harvest of fisheries, and ocean legends. Many traditional cultures have now been included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection catalog.Since modern times, along with the acceleration of urbanization, the scattering of Qingdao fishing villages has undergone great changes: many fishing villages have disappeared, while the intangible culture is facing more severe plight. In this paper, the author t