汽车设计载货吨商用车万向传动轴设计说明书_图文.docVIP

目 录 1．结构方案选择······································· ·····03 1.2原始条件·············································04 2. 十字轴万向节的设计········································05 2.1万向节类型的选择··································06 2.2十字轴包尺寸选择··································06 2.3十字轴受力及应力分析·································07 2.4万向节叉处校核······························09 2.5传递效率的计算····································09 3．传动轴的设计··············································10 3.1传动轴的设计·········································10 3.11传动轴计算载荷的确定过程·························10 3.12传动轴的计算载荷·································11 3.13传动轴的临界转速·································13 3.14传动轴的内外径选择·······························14 3.15传动轴扭转强度校核·······························14 3.2花键轴的设计··········································15 3.21传动轴花键的尺寸确定······························15 3.22花键轴的齿侧挤压应力校核··························17 4 ．滚针轴承的设计···········································18 5．法兰盘的设计··············································21 6．连接螺栓的设计············································22 7.十字轴总成的润滑···········································24 8 .小结······················································25 9 . 参考文献·················································25 1. 结构方案选择 十字轴万向节结构简单，强度高，耐久性好，传动效率高，生产成本低，但所连接的两轴夹角不宜太大。当夹角增加时，万向节中的滚针轴承寿命将下降。 普通的十字轴式万向节主要由主动叉，从动叉，十字轴，滚针轴承及轴向定位件和橡胶封件等组成 汽车上的万向传动轴一般是由万向节、轴管及其伸缩花键等组成。主要是用于在工作过程中相对位置不断变化的两根轴间传递转矩和旋转运动。 在动机前置后轮驱动的汽车上，由于工作时悬架变形，驱动桥主减速器输入轴与变速器输出轴间经常有相对运动，普遍采用万向节传动。当驱动桥与变速器之间相距较远，使得传动轴的长度超过1.5m时，为提高传动轴的临界速度以及总布置上的考虑，常将传动轴断开成两段或三段，万向节用三个或四个。此时，必须在中间传动轴上加设中间支承。 在转向驱动桥中，由于驱动桥又是转向轮，左右半轴间的夹角随行驶需要而变，这是多采用球叉式和球笼式等速万向节传动。当后驱动桥为独立悬架结构时也必须采用万向节传动。 万向节按扭转方向是否有明星的弹性，可分为刚性万向节和挠性万向节两类。刚性万向节又可分为不等速万向节（常用的为普通十字轴式），等速万向节（球叉式、球笼式等），准等速万向节（双联式、凸块式、三肖轴式等）。 万向节传动应保证所连接两轴的相对位置在预计范围内变动时，能可靠地传递动力，保证所连接两轴尽可能同步运转，由于万向节夹角而产生的附加载荷、振动和噪声应在允许范围内。 1.2原始条件： 车型 轻型货车 驱动形式 FR4×2 发动机位置