国际森林土壤研讨会课件impact of harvesting...26.10.2015_final讲解材料.pptxVIP

International Symposium on Forest Soils - Linking Soil Processes to Forest Productivity and Water Protection under Global Change 24.-28.10.2015, Fuzhou, China Impacts of harvesting practices on base cation budgets of coniferous stands in Finland – a sustainability studyLiisa Ukonmaanaho Natural Resources Institute FinlandIn cooperation with: P?ivi Meril?, Antti-Jussi Lindroos, Tiina M. Nieminen, Pekka N?jd, Kirsti Derome, Brandon Stephens (US Forest Service/University of Helsinki) and Mike Starr (University of Helsinki, Finland)BackgroundThere are binding obligations to reduce GHGs (greenhouse gases), e.g. Kyoto protocol → to substitute the consumption of fossil energy with renewable energy. European Union has set up target (Directive 2009/28/EC) to increase use of renewable energy as energy source to 20 % in European level by 2020Finland’s goal is 38% by 2020to reach the targets, increased use of tree biomass is neededinstead of stem-only harvesting (SOH) ? whole-tree harvesting (WTH), which includes in addition of stems also logging residues (tree tops, branches and stumps).However, more intensive harvesting regimes will increase the output of base cations (BC) from the site in comparison to stem-only harvesting → Negative impacts to long-term sustainability of site fertility and productivity?Stupak et al 2007.Aim of the studyTo simulate the impacts of final felling harvestings on base cation (BC: Ca, K and Mg) budgets in Finnish coniferous forests under the scenarios of:stem-only harvesting (SOH)whole-tree harvesting (WTH)WTH + stump lifting (WTHs)Study approachTotal Deposition (TD)Tree biomass(above and below ground)Harvesting practice removals (H)SOHWTHWTHsSoil(Org.layer + 40cm) Exch.Weathering (W)TotalSustainability index (SI) was calculated for each harvesting scenario and BC as net change in the base cation pool of the soil: SI = TD + W – L – HLeaching (L)+ values indicate sustainability- values indicate unsustainabilityStudy sitesICP Forests