情态动词教学讲义.pptVIP

情态动词;（一）情态动词的定义??? 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 （二）情态动词的特点? 1）有一定词义； 2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响； 3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定 式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定 词组看待）。 ;（三）情态动词的基本用法1. can (could) 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 Two eyes can see more than one.? Could the girl read before she went to school??? 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 The temperature can fall to –60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing.?? He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.?? You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.?? ;3）表示允许。 Can I have a look at your new pen??? He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to??? He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty.?? How can you be so careless??? 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand??? I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today.??;2. may (might) 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 You may take whatever you like.?? He told me that I might smoke in the room.?? May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby???  在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。;4. shall 1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea?? Shall the boy wait outside?? What shall we do this evening??? 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say.?? You shall have my answer tomorrow.?? He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.?? Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. ;5. will 1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.?? None is so blind as those who won’t see.?? If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you.? 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.?? Won’t you drink some more coffee??? 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.?? The door won’t open.?? The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.