毕业论文设计 球面曲线的几何性质.docVIP

毕业论文设计 球面曲线的几何性质 摘要 在这篇论文中我们利用了单位球上的曲面和曲线的内蕴量讨论研究了球面曲线的几何性质，并利用球面几何学的一些知识研究了球面三角的初等几何性质. 本文主要分为三部分来研究球面曲线的几何性质.首先给出了空间曲线是球面曲线的充要条件，得到了从曲率挠率、密切球、法平面、法线等多种角度的刻画，并对部分定理和结论给出了证明；然后讨论球面上特殊曲线的几何性质，通过建立适当的参数方程，得出了球面测地曲率的基本表达式，并分别指出了球面上哪一类曲线为测地线、渐近线以及曲率线，以及三类曲线的几何性质. 在论文的最后部分，研究了球面三角的初等几何性质，得到了球面三角的正弦定理和余弦定理以及面积等一些重要的公式和理论. 关键词：球面 测地曲率 测地线 渐近线 曲率线 球面三角 Abstract In this paper we use the intrinsic amount of the surface and the curve on the unit ball to discuss the geometric properties of spherical curves,and use spherical geometry to discuss the knowledge of the geometric properties of the elementary spherical trigonometry. This paper is divided into three to study some geometric properties of spherical curves. First of all, the space curve is given the necessary and sufficient conditions for spherical curve,obtaining from the curvature,torsion, osculating sphere, normal plane, normal line and so on, part of the theorem and conclusions given proof; then we discuss the special sphere geometric properties of curves, through the establishment of an appropriate parametric equation, obtaining the way to distinguish the line of geodesic,curvature line and asymptotic line. In the final part,we use the geometric properties of the elementary spherical trigonometry, getting some important formulas and theories of Sine and Cosine and area for spherical triangle. Key words: spherical geodesic curvature line asymptotic line spherical triangle 目录 摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ 引言-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 第一章 预备知识--------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.1 曲线和曲面-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 1.2 基本定义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 第二章 球面曲线-------------