国际经济学（英文版）PPT 4New_Trade_Theory.pptVIP

CHAPTER FOUR New Trade Theory Chapter Structure Economies of Scale and International Trade Trade Based on Product Differentiation Technological Gap and Product Cycle Models Transportation Costs and International Trade 1. Economies of Scale and International Trade What is Economies of Scale? Economies of Scale, or increasing returns to scale, refer to the production situation where outputs grows proportionately more than the increase in inputs or factors of production.(p91) 规模经济（规模报酬递增）,是指生产过程中产出的增加比例高于投入增加的比例。 Example Reasons for Increasing Returns to Scale A greater division of labor a