十一蛋白质合成.pptVIP

四、蛋白质合成机制 第32页/共49页 基本过程 起始：核糖体在mRNA分子上的组装 延伸：氨基酸添加的重复循环 终止：新生蛋白（多肽）的释放 第33页/共49页 1. 起始 在mRNA分子的正确起始点即起始密码子处完成完整核糖体的组装。 涉及的组成元件有：大小核糖体亚基、mRNA、已负载的起始tRNA、三个起始因子（IF1、IF2、IF3）及GTP。 第34页/共49页 IF1和IF3与游离的30S亚基结合,以阻止在与mRNA结合前30S亚基与大亚基结合,从而防止无活性核糖体的形成。 第35页/共49页 IF1 and IF3 bind to a free 30S subunits. IF2 complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunits, forming a complex at RBS. The initiator tRNA can then bind to the complex at the P site paired with AUG codon. The 50S subunits can now bind. GTP is then hydrolyzed and IFs are released to give the 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex 第36页/共49页 IF2与GTP的复合体结合到小亚基上，这将有助于已负载的起始tRNA与该复合体结合 30S亚基利用mRNA分子上的核糖体结合位点（RBS）附着到mRNA上 第37页/共49页 IF1 and IF3 bind to a free 30S subunits. IF2 complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunits, forming a complex at RBS. The initiator tRNA can then bind to the complex at the P site paired with AUG codon. The 50S subunits can now bind. GTP is then hydrolyzed and IFs are released to give the 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex 第38页/共49页 起始tRNA通过其反密码子与mRNA分子上AUG密码子的碱基配对，同时释放出IF3。此时的复合体称为30S起始复合体。 IF3的作用在于保持大小亚基彼此分离状态，以及有助于mRNA结合。 第39页/共49页 IF1 and IF3 bind to a free 30S subunits. IF2 complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunits, forming a complex at RBS. The initiator tRNA can then bind to the complex at the P site paired with AUG codon. The 50S subunits can now bind. GTP is then hydrolyzed and IFs are released to give the 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex 第40页/共49页 50S亚基与30S起始复合体结合，置换出IF1和IF2，而GTP在此耗能过程中被降解。 起始后期形成的复合体称为70S起始复合体。 第41页/共49页 IF1 and IF3 bind to a free 30S subunits. IF2 complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunits, forming a complex at RBS. The initiator tRNA can then bind to the complex at the P site paired with AUG codon. The 50S subunits can now bind. GTP is then hydrolyzed and IFs are released to give the 70S initiation complex 30S initiation complex 第42页/共49页 组装完的核糖体有两个tRNA结合位点，分别称为A位点和P位点，即氨酰基位点和肽酰基位点。 A位点：氨酰-tRNA结合的位点 P