新课程背景下小学语文“减负增效”现状及策略研究——以沈阳市小学五年级为例-research on the current situation and strategy of.docx

PAGE PAGE IV 摘要 “减负”是我国小学教育部门亟待解决的教育问题，教师是决定减负效果的关键因素。 自第一份减负文件颁布至今的 59 年间，“减负”虽被各界关注，但实践效果仍然不佳。现 今，从理论意义上讲，减负需要研究的问题有三个方面：一是课堂教学负担。主要涉及教 学目标设定是否全员化、教学内容是否具备兴趣化及探索性、教学方式是否多样化。二是 课外作业负担 。主要涉及作业量是否合理、作业形式是否多变、作业评价是否科学。三 是学业水平评价负担。主要涉及评价目标是否多维、评价内容是否多元以及评价方法是否 多样。但是，目前在语文课堂教学中存在教学目标单维、教学内容探究性不强，教学方法 固定化的现象。课外作业中存在作业形式单一、作业内容泛化的现象。学业水平评价方面 也存在评价目标、评价方法单一，评价内容较为单调的现象。在新课程改革的背景下，许 多一线教师也在不断努力为学生“减负”，可是却忽略了减负的初衷是为了提升教育教学 质量。而在“减负”基础上“增效”才能转变当今小学生负担过重的局面。 本论文主要以“减负增效”为出发点研究语文学习给学生带来的负担问题，针对语文 课堂教学、课外作业负担、学业水平评价的现状，以新课程理念为指导，对不同学校的教 师学生进行问卷调查、课堂观察及访谈，探寻有效策略，提供针对性帮助。 关键词：减负增效；课外作业；学业水平评价；课堂教学；现状；策略 Abstract Burden is the education of primary school education sector to be solved and teachers are the key factor in determining the effect of reducing the burden. Since the first document about Burden issued, it has been 59 years. Although the problem of burden has been widely concerned by the community, the practical effect is still poor.Today, from a theoretical sense, the problem of burden need to be studied from three aspects: the first is the burden of homework. It is mainly related to whether the amount of homework is reasonable, whether the form of homework is variable, and whether the evaluation of homework is scientific. The second is the burden of academic evaluation. It is mainly related to whether the evaluation objective is multidimensional, whether the evaluation content is pluralistic and whether the evaluation methods is diversified. The third is the burden of classroom teaching. It mainly involves whether the setting of the teaching goal is all-members, whether the teaching content is interesting and exploratory and whether the teaching method is diversified. However, the forms of the current Chinese exercises are single and the content of the homework is generalized. There also exists such phenomena as single evaluation objectives, single evaluation methods and monotonous evaluation content in the aspect of academic evaluation. As to the classroom teaching, the