系统解剖学学习课件（复旦大学）内脏神经.pptVIP

-*- 牵涉痛 -*- 四、一些重要器官的神经支配 （一）眼球 1．感觉神经 一般感觉→睫状长神经→鼻睫神经→眼神经→三叉神经→脑干→三叉神经感觉核 2．交感神经 脊髓T1～T2侧角(节前纤维) →胸及颈交感干→颈上神经节(交换神经元)→ (节后纤维) 颈内动脉丛→海绵丛→睫状神经节→瞳孔开大肌和血管 3．副交感神经 中脑动眼神经副核（E-W核）(节前纤维) →动眼神经走行→睫状神经节(交换神经元) →（节后纤维）睫状短神经→瞳孔括约肌和睫状肌 支配眼球的交感神经兴奋，引起瞳孔开大，虹膜血管收缩 副交感神经兴奋，瞳孔缩小，睫状肌收缩 -*- （二）心 1．感觉神经 痛觉纤维（沿交感神经行走，颈上心神经除外） →脊髓T1～T4，T 5节段 心脏反射有关的感觉纤维（沿迷走神经行走） →进入脑干 2．交感神经 脊髓T1～T4，T 5节段的侧角（节前纤维）→交感干颈上、中、下神经节和上部胸神经节（交换神经元） →自节发出（颈上、中、下心神经及胸心支） →主动脉弓后方和下方（与来自迷走神经的副交感纤维）→心丛→心脏 3．副交感神经 迷走神经背核和疑核（节前纤维）→ 沿迷走神经心支行走→心神经节（交换神经元）→心脏 刺激支配心脏的交感神经，引起心动过速，冠状血管舒张。 刺激迷走神经，引起心动过缓，冠状血管收缩 -*- -*- （三）交感神经与副交感神经的主要区别 -*- 交感神经与副交感神经作用比较： The Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System The functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems can perhaps best be understood by visualizing a male student who wakes slowly and quietly one morning from a deep, refreshing sleep. The first functions belong to the parasympathetic nervous system. Functions of the parasympathetic nervous system His heart is beating slowly He may awake with an erection He turns on the light causing his pupils to constrict The bright light causes tears to flow He looks at his watch and the eyes accommodate for close vision He goes to the bathroom and empties his bladder He smells bacon cooking and starts to salivate As he eats, gastric and later intestinal juices flow Peristalsis（蠕动） begins in the stomach Peristalsis reaches the colon and he empties his bowels To permit emptying the internal anal sphincter must relax The opposite actions to the foregoing are produced by the sympathetic nervous system, but we can easily understand by this student further. Functions of the sympathetic nervous system He leaves the house and it being winter, a cold wind causes his cheeks to blanch(变得苍白). He has to cross a busy street without the aid of traffic lights and his palms start to sweat A car bru