专业英语(中) 课堂练习.ppt

The engine lathe ,one of the oldest metal removal machines ,has a number of useful and desirable attributes. Today these lathes are used primarily in small plants where smaller quantities rather than large production runs are encountered . Tolerances for the engine lathe depend primarily on the skill of the operator .The design engineer must be careful in using tolerances of an experimental part that has been produced on the engine lathe by a skilled operator. In redesigning an experimental part for production, economical tolerances should be used. The engine lathe has been replaced in today’s production plants by a wide variety of automatic lathes such as turret lathes, automatic screw machines, and automatic tracer(仿形) lathes. * In the assembly of machinery, when two shafts are not in line or are a few thousandths of an inch out of parallel, they are forced into connection by rigid couplings. The resulting stresses in the shafts become reversing stresses when the shafts are rotated. The correction, when perfect alignment cannot be economically attained, is to use flexible couplings which can minimize the harmful effects of shafts. 在机器的装配过程中，当两轴不在一条直线上或者在平行度上相差千分之几英寸时，采用刚性联轴器强使他们连接在一起。当轴旋转时，轴上所产生的应力就是一个方向不断改变的应力。通常情况下，在无法经济地实现两轴线之间的精确找正对准时，可以使用弹性联轴器来减少轴的有害影响。 Grinding is one of the most widely used method of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and low surface roughness .  Currently, there are grinders（磨床） for almost every type of grinding operations . Particular design features of a part dictate to（决定了） a large degree the type of grinding machine required. Where processing costs are excessive, parts redesigned to utilize a less expensive , higher output grinding method（高效磨削方法） may be well worthwhile. Grinding is one of the most widely used method of finishing parts to extremely close tolerances and low surface roughness . 磨削是为了获得很小的加工误差和很低的表面粗糙度而最常用的精加工方法之一。 *