Scientific Notation and Significant Figures Notes科学记数法和重要人物的笔记.pptVIP

Scientific Notation and Significant Figures Going from scientific notation to standard number form. A positive exponent means move the decimal to the right Ex. 1.34 x 104 = 13,400 A negative exponent means move the decimal to the left Ex. 5.12 x 10-2 = 0.0512 Now try some!! Going from standard number form to scientific notation Numbers in scientific notation should begin with a number between 1 and 10 and then should be followed by “x 10” with an exponent. Large numbers will have a positive exponent Ex. 67,000 = 6.7 x 104 Small numbers will have a negative exponent Ex. 0.000031 = 3.1 x 10-5 Now try some!!! Math with scientific notation! Adding/Subtracting Rules Numbers must have the SAME exponent Then, just add the numbers as normal and keep the original exponent Ex. 3.3 x 103 + 2.1 x 103 = 5.4 x 103 Now try some!!! Exceptions What if they are not the same?? If exponents are not the same, one must be adjusted Example: 7.1 x 104 – 2.0 x 103 7.1 x 104 can become 71 x 103 2.0 x 103 can become .2 x 104 Now try some!!! Multiplying and Dividing Multiplying When multiplying numbers in scientific notation, the exponents are added Ex. 3.0 x 103 * 2.0 x 104 = 6.0 x 107 Dividing When dividing numbers in scientific notation, the exponents are subtracted Ex. 9.0 x 105 / 3.0 x 102 = 3.0 x 103 Ex. 3.0 x 103 / 2.0 x 104 = 1.5 x 10-1 Significant Figures When rounding, we make certain numbers “insignificant” therefore there are rules with respect to which numbers matter in chemistry These are called “sig figs” The Rules All non-zeros ARE significant Examples: 1.23 has three sig figs 41.12 has four sig figs Zeros between non-zeros ARE significant Examples: 1205 has four sig figs 1.3021 has five sig figs The Rules Placeholder zeros are NOT significant Examples: 34,000 has two sig figs 0.0002 has one sig fig but…. 34,001 has five sig figs… why? Final zeros after a decimal ARE significant Examples: 1.200 has four sig figs