去乙酰化酶功能及其在体育科学中应用.docVIP

去乙酰化酶功能及其在体育科学中应用 　　摘 要：Sirtuins(SIRTs)是依赖于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸辅酶(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD+)的去乙酰化酶。除了对染色质组蛋白赖氨酸残基去乙酰化实现对基因的表观遗传修饰外，SIRT1可以调节多种关键转录调节因子及辅因子活性。SIRTs所介导的生理过程包括控制氧化应激响应、能量内稳态控制和运动代谢适应等。体育活动对代谢性疾病的预防或对衰老的延缓可能与SIRTs活性密切相关。多种运动训练方式和补充SIRTs小分子活性物质都能提高骨骼肌、脂肪、心肌和脑等脏器的SIRTs活性，提升机体抗疲劳及能量代谢适应的能力。SIRTs可能是表征功能内稳态的潜在标志物。 　　关 键 词：运动生物化学；去乙酰化酶；运动训练；功能内稳态；综述 　　中图分类号：G804.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2011)06-0138-07 　　 　　Functions of sirtuins and their applications in sports science 　　LI Fang-hui1，CAO Wei1，ZHAO Jun1，2，LIU Cheng-yi1，HAO Xuan-ming1 　　（1.Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine and Research Center of National Constitution and Health， 　　South China Normal University，Guangzhou 510006，China； 　　2.Department of Physical Education，Jinan University，Guangzhou 510630，China） 　　 　　Abstract: Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent deacetylases. Besides realizing epigenetic modification on genes via the deacetylation of lysine residues in chromatin histones, SIRT1 can regulate the activity of several critical transcription regulating factors and cofactors. Physiological processes mediated by SIRTs include oxidative stress response control, energy homeostasis control and exercise metabolism adaptation. Physical exercises preventing metabolic diseases or delaying aging may be closely related to SIRTs activity. Various ways of sports training and supplementing SIRTs activating small molecule active substances can enhance the SIRTs activity of such organs as skeletal muscle, fat, cardiac muscle and brain, and boost the fatigue resistance and energy metabolism adaptation capacities of the body. SIRTs may be potential biomarkers that characterize functional homeostasis. 　　Key words: sports biochemistry；sirtuin；sports training；functional homeostasis；overview 　　 　　 　　尽管人类个体的寿命逐渐延长，人类???命的延长仍然是一个热点话题。大量研究表明，热量限制(caloric restriction，CR)可以延长酵母、蠕虫、啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物等物种的寿命[1]。酵母、秀丽隐杆线虫和果蝇中Sir2过表达可以通过与CR类似的过程延长寿命。依赖于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸辅酶(nicotinamide aden