[精华]浙江大学医学免疫学经典课件免疫15-免疫耐受.pptVIP

免疫耐受Immune tolerance ;*Definition *History （Early observations ) *Mechanism Central Tolerance Peripheral Tolerance *Induction (Acquired tolerance);;Immune response vs tolerance;Immune tolerance is an active process which is different from immunodeficiency or immunosuppression. Immunodeficiency: A disorder or state in which the Immune system’s ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent. Overall Inability of the immune system to respond to a broad range of antigens. (genetic reason or AIDS) Immunosuppression: A condition where the activation or efficacy of the immune system is reduced (induced by an immunosuppressant ;Self tolerance: Individuals normally do not respond to their self“ antigens, i.e., they are tolerant to self. This is the basis for self- non self discrimination by the immune system to ensure immune system not to attack self. Loss of self tolerance can lead to autoimmunity.;Induced unresponsiveness to foreign Ags. It can be used to facilitate transplantation or when tolerance is necessary(acquired tolerance);Early Observations ;Such chimaeric cattle will exchange skin grafts without rejection. Normally, if cells of one of the two haplotypes were transferred to an adult cattle of the other haplotype, these were promptly rejected. Thus, tolerance in the dizygotic twins resulted from the sharing of the placenta in fetal life.;During neonatal stage of life, or when immune system is developing, all Ags present are recognized as self. Immune system becomes tolerant to these Ags. ;铀高毗输辫糠浊勇恳帚祟屈膨搽蠕授鬼殃驾鼠唇蒙硅峪窄悲惑抱曳滇振忱浙江大学医学免疫学经典课件免疫15-免疫耐受浙江大学医学免疫学经典课件免疫15-免疫耐受;;Chimeric mice;1960 Nobel Prize;Human Immunology Volume 52, Issue 2 ;*Definition *History-Early observations *Mechanism *Induction ; Central tolerance is the mechanism by which newly developing T cells and B cells are rendered non-reactive to self during their development in thymus and bone marrow.;T cell development in thymus;T cell developmen