语义学练习题.docVIP

Semantics What is semantics? A: Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language bolow the word and above it, e.g. meanings of morphemes and sentences. 2.What are major branches of linguistics? what does each study? A: (1).Phonetics----it’s defined as the study of the phonic medium of language, it’s concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages. (2).Phonology:the study of sounds systems—the inventory of distinctive sounds that occur in a language and the patterns into which they fall. (3).Morphology: It’s a branch of a grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. (4).Syntax: Its a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of a language. (5).Semantics: It’s simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction. (6).Pragmatics: the study of meaning in context of words. 3.Two aspects of Sentence meaning: A: grammatical and semantic meaning. 4.Selectional restrictions--- A:Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules. 5.How are sense and reference related? A.Sense refers to the inherent meaning of a linguistic form, which is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form, it’s abstract and de-contextualized. Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world, it is a matter of relationship between the form and reality. 6.What’s grammaticality? what might take a grammatically meaningful sentence semantically meaningless? Grammaticality:the grammatical well-formedness of a sentence. A sentence may be well-formed grammatically, i.e. it conforms to the grammatical rules of the language, but it is not necessarily semantically well-formed, i.e. it may not make sense at all. 7. T or F : (1).Semantics is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules that form the word. ( F ) (2).Se