雅思小作文主体段必备知识点之十二罗汉（下篇）_.docVIP

雅思小作文主体段必备知识点之十二罗汉（下篇） 朗阁海外考试研究中心 8. 第八罗汉：简单句罗汉 在图表题主体段的描写中，数据主要是通过简单句引导的，然后可以辅助地加上分词或者定语从句等语法结构来增加句型的变化。而简单句的使用也有其侧重点，下面具体一下：动态数据主+谓 此结构是描写数据动态变化的首选句型结构，需注意的是主语必须是“数据”比如number, figure, percentage等，不能是其他名词，而谓语动词也只能是不及物动词比如increase, drop等。下面我们来看几个例子：The number of visitors increased sharply between 1995 and 2005 in China. The percentage of people aged 15-46 dropped slightly by 10% during the 40 years. The figure for college C rose gradually to 30,000 in 2002. The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980. The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950. 动态数据：主+谓+宾 此句型结构的特点在于谓语动词必须是及物动词，比如witness, see等，宾语位置要用表示动态变化的名词比如growth, reduction等，在主语位置上可以仍旧为数据，也可以是地点或者时间段。它对于用主谓结构表达的句子可以作同义转换，比如：The number of visitors saw a sharp increase between 1995 and 2005 in China. China witnessed a sharp increase in the number of visitors between 1995 and 2005. The years between 1995 and 2005 saw a sharp increase in the number of visitors in China. 动态数据：there + be 此简单句型一般用于对于上述两种动态数据描写句型进行同义转换，be动词的时态一定要根据数据的时间来改变，否则很容易出错：There was an increase in the visits from about 12 to 53 million from 1979 to 1999. There was a sharp rise in the number of visitors between 1995 and 2005 in China. There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980. There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950. 静态数据：主+系+表 此句型结构也很实用，特别在描写静态数据中那些比较次要数据时使用。既可以用来描写一个数据，也可以描写多个数据并列，比如：The figures for college B and college A are 30% and 40% respectively. The proportion of California was 27.3%. The percentages of other two states were 18% and 34% respectively. 静态数据：主+谓+宾 在静态数据的描写中，我们也可以使用这个句型，但是在每个成分上不受任何限制，单词完全是根据数据内容来选择，没有固定词汇，因此我们要准确解读数据内容后才能下笔：The most significant feature is that teacher’s salary was the biggest item of expenditure of UK universities while the spending on resources such as books only comprised a small share. College C has the highest proportion of lectures with PHD qualification. Colle