居住建筑外围护结构对室内热环境与建筑能耗影响-influence of residential buildings external protection structure on indoor thermal environment and building energy consumption.docxVIP
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居住建筑外围护结构对室内热环境与建筑能耗影响-influence of residential buildings external protection structure on indoor thermal environment and building energy consumption
摘要能源是经济和社会发展的重要基础,能源效率是经济发展和社会管理水平的重要标志。目前,重庆市建筑普遍存在耗能大、效率低、围护结构的保温隔热性能差等问题,并具有夏季空调用电量大、冬季采暖能耗高的特点。如何通过改善建筑外围护结构热工性能,使建筑物具有良好的室内热舒适,以减少对人工冷热源的依赖,降低建筑能耗成为急需要研究的课题。本文以重庆地区居住建筑为研究对象,根据重庆地区的气候特征,运用动态模拟方法研究了居住建筑外围护结构对室内热环境与建筑能耗的影响。主要从朝向、外墙保温方式、外墙传热系数K值、外窗传热系数K值、外窗遮蔽、太阳吸收系数以及屋面保温措施等几个方面进行研究分析,提出了适合重庆地区的相关节能措施。模拟结果表明:①重庆地区北向热环境最好,南向多注意夏季隔热,西向、东向考虑冬季保温兼顾夏季隔热。建筑顶层的房间热状况最差,底层房间冬季的室内热状况差。②采用外保温时,主体墙墙体内平均温度夏季低6.0℃,冬季高5.7℃。采用内保温时,热桥部位温度夏季高主体墙3.1℃,冬天低2.9℃。当室内湿度超过80%,且采用内保温时,热桥部分会出现结露。外墙K值对建筑室内热环境与建筑能耗有显著的影响,外墙K值越小,全年单位耗冷量、全年单位耗热量以及全年单位总耗量越小,采暖与制冷度小时数越少(南向除外)。外墙K值为0.95~1.33时,夏季室内热环境最好。外墙太阳吸收系数减小有利于夏季隔热。③外窗K值越小,采暖度小时数越少,制冷度小时数越多。外墙K值为3.2~4.7时,建筑整体夏季室内热环境最好。当外窗K值为3.2(W/m2?K)时,继续降低外窗K值,建筑全年单位耗冷量减少很少。夏季要求外窗遮阳系数越小越好,冬季要求外窗遮阳系数越大越好。所以在重庆地区最好使用活动遮阳。④屋面K值为0.96时,顶层房间夏季有良好室内热环境且顶层房间冬季室内温度明显高于室外,当继续降低屋面K值时,顶层房间夏季的室内热环境改善缓慢。屋面K值越小,全年单位耗热量、全年单位耗冷量以及全年单位总耗量越小。屋面K值对全年单位耗热量的影响程度大于全年单位耗冷量。屋面K值从3.54(W/m2·K)降到0.56(W/m2?K),冬季,内表面温度最小值上升2.1℃;夏季,内表面温度最大值降低4.6℃。本文研究结果对于夏热冬冷地区的居住建筑节能工作、建筑节能材料与产品的应用、建筑节能设计起到指导作用。在节能设计中,应该充分考虑各个因素的影响,从而找到既经济保温效果又好的节能措施。关键词:外围护结构,内热环境,建筑能耗,DeST模拟软件ABSTRACTEnergyisanimportantbasicofdevelopingeconomyandsociety,energyefficiencyisanimportantsignofeconomicdevelopmentandsocietymanagementlevel.Atpresent,thebuildingenergyconsumptionisgenerallarge.lowefficiencyofbuildingsandbadthermalinsulationpropertyofenclosurestructureinChongqing.ThebuildingsinChongqinghavethefeaturesliketheyhavelargeair-conditioningelectricityconsumptioninsummerandtheyconsumetoomuchheatingenergyconsumptioninwinter.Howhavethebuildingsingoodindoorthermalcomfort,reducethedependenceofpeopletomanualcold-heatsourceandreducingbuildingenergyconsumptionbyimprovingthethermalperformanceofouterbuildingenvelope.Itisasubjectwhichneedstudyonimmediately.ThepapertookcivilianconstructionofChongqingregionassubjectinvestigated.Accordingtothelocalclimaticfeatures,theInfluenceofexternalenclosurestructureoftheresidentialbuildingtotheindoorthermalenvironmentandbuildingenergyconsumptionwerestudiedbasedondynamicalsimulationmethod.Authors
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