2012单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐的相互反应基本关系（2012 basic reactions of single substance, oxide, acid, alkali and salt）.docVIP

2012单质、氧化物、酸、碱、盐的相互反应基本关系（2012 basic reactions of single substance, oxide, acid, alkali and salt） Reactions may occur between the substances in the following categories: 1, metal + acid 2, metal + salt 3, acid oxide + alkali 4, alkaline oxide + acid 5, acid + alkali 6, acid + salt 7, alkali + salt 8, salt + salt The specific situation is that: 1, metal element + acid + salt + hydrogen (displacement reaction) Law: the metal before the hydrogen in the order of the activity of the metal can replace the hydrogen in the acid; Note: common hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid react with metals in front of hydrogen to form hydrogen. Because of the oxidation of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid, it can react with metal, but it can not produce hydrogen. For example, Zn reacts with dilute nitric acid to form Zn (NO3) 2, H2O and NO Such as: zinc + dilute sulfuric acid: Zn + H2SO4 + H2 = =ZnSO4 Iron + dilute sulfuric acid: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2 = Aluminum + dilute sulfuric acid: 2Al + 3H2SO4 =Al2 + 3H2 = 3 (SO4) Iron + dilute hydrochloric acid: Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2 = Mg + dilute hydrochloric acid: Mg+ = MgCl2 + H2 = 2HCl Aluminum + dilute hydrochloric acid: 2Al + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2 = Copper + dilute hydrochloric acid: no reaction Silver + dilute sulfuric acid: non reaction It is specially indicated that the iron in the salt produced by the reaction of iron with hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid is +2 valence. 2, metal element + salt solution, another metal + another salt Reaction conditions: (1) salt soluble; (2) in the order of metallic activity, the metal placed in front can replace the metal in the back. Note: potassium, calcium and sodium are very active and can not be replaced in salt solution. (reacting with water first) Such as: Iron + copper sulfate solution: Fe + CuSO4 =FeSO4 + Cu Zinc + copper sulfate solution: Zn + CuSO4 = ZnSO4 + Cu Copper + mercuric nitrate solution: Cu + Hg (NO3) 2= Cu (NO3) 2 + Hg Mg+NaCl solution: no reaction Cu+AgCl