Ch 7 Operator Overloading - Oregon State UniversityCH 7运算符重载-俄勒冈州立大学.ppt

Ch 7. Operator Overloading C++ for Java Programmers Ch 7. Operator Overloading Ch 7. Operator Overloading Timothy Budd Introduction Almost all operators in C++ can be overloaded with new meanings. Operators may not look like functions but can hide function invocations. You cannot overload the meaning of operators if all arguments are primitive data types, nor can you change the precedence or associativity of operators. Figure 7.1 Overloadable Operators in C++ + - * / % ^ | ~ ! || ++ -- , = == != = = += -= *= /= %= = |= ^= = = [] () - new delete Overloaded Functions or Methods Operators can be defined either as functions or as member functions. How to decide which option is preferable An ordinary function is normally not permitted access to the private portions of the class, whereas a member function is allowed such access. Implicit conversions will be performed for both right and left arguments if the operator is defined in functional form, but only for the right argument if the operator is defined as a member function. Figure 7.2 Comparison Defined as an Ordinary Function class box { public: box (int v) : value(v) { } int value; }; // define meaning of comparison for boxes bool operator (box left, box right) {  return left.value right.value; } Figure 7.3 Comparison Defined as a Member Function class box {public: box (int v) : value(v) { } // define meaning of comparison for boxes bool operator (box right) { return value right.value; } private: int value; }; Simple Binary Operators const rational operator + (const rational left, const rational right) { // return sum of two rational numbers rational result ( left.numerator() * right.denominator() +  right.numerator() * left.denominator(),  left.denominator() * right.denominator());return result; } Simple Binary Operators Unary operations are either defined as a no-argument ordinary function or as a no-argument member function. Always return a constant va