外科创伤患者的护理.ppt

Nursing Care of Client Experiencing Trauma 创伤病人的护理 Section 1 Overview Definition of Trauma Trauma morbidity（发病率） and mortality（死亡率） constitute a major health care challenge. 创伤的发病率和死亡率构成了健康的最大挑战。 Although significant strides have been made in combating heart disease and selected cancers, traumatic injury continues to be the number-one killer of the young. Trauma It is estimated that traumatic injury causes about 140,000 deaths per year. An additional 57 million people suffer nonfatal (不致命的）injuries each year. John Fitzgerald Kennedy 肯尼迪诅咒 curse 　1．1941年，约瑟夫的残疾女儿死于失败的脑叶切除手术； 　2．1944年，约瑟夫长子小约瑟夫·肯尼迪战时死于飞机失事； 　　3．1948年，约瑟夫二女儿凯瑟琳死于飞机失事； 　　4．1963年，肯尼迪总统的第三个儿子出生两天后夭折； 　5．1963年，约瑟夫二子肯尼迪总统遇刺身亡； 　　6．1968年，约瑟夫三子罗伯特遇刺身亡； 　　7．1983年，罗伯特之子博比因吸毒被判刑； 　　8．1984年，罗伯特之子戴维因过量吸服海洛因死亡； 　　9．1997年，罗伯特之子迈克尔死于滑雪事故； 　　10．1999年，约翰之子小约翰·肯尼迪死于飞机失事； 　　11．2009年，约瑟夫四子爱德华死于脑癌； Traumatic injury usually occurs suddenly, leaving both the client and family with little time to prepare for its consequences. 创伤发生得太突然，没有任何时间留给病人和家庭来准备承受后果。 Nurse provide a vital link in both the physical （生理的）and psychosocial（心理社会） care for the injured client and family. 护士要提供给护士伤员及家庭一个关健的护理不仅是生理上的还包括心理社会的。 In caring for the client who has experienced trauma, nurses must consider not only the initial physical injury ,but also its long-term consequences, including rehabilitation and the client’s return to his or her previous way of life. 护士护理创伤人员时，不仅必须考虑最原先的生理创伤，而且也要考虑长期的后序治疗，包括康复和伤员能回归原来的生活轨道。 Types of Trauma 创伤类型 Severity 严重程度分类 Whether intentional or accidental, trauma causes injury to one or more parts of the body. 1 Minor trauma 轻伤 Minor trauma causes injury to a single part or system of the body and is usually treated in the hospital or emergency department . 轻伤导致身体一个部分或一个系统的损伤，通通都会在医院或急诊科被治疗。 A fracture of the collarbone, a small second-degree burn ,and a cut requiring stitches are all considered minor trauma. 锁骨的骨折，二度烧伤和一个需要缝合的伤口都被认为是轻伤。 2 Major or multiple trauma 重伤及多发伤 Major or multiple t