生理学 第二章 细胞 课件PPT.ppt

动作电位的特征． all or none phenomenon（“全或无”现象） 动作电位的大小和波形不随剌激强度和传导距离而改变 A stimulus of threshold or suprathresho1d intensity applied to a single nerve fiber always produces an action potential of constant amplitude and the amplitude remains constant a long the propagation path． The propagation velocity of a single nerve fiber also remains constant． Responses of a nerve trunk to stimulus of various intensities differ from that of a single nerve fiber． As the intensity of the stimulus is gradually increased from threshold value， the AP amplitude increases． At a particular value of stimulus strength the amplitude of the response becomes maximum；is no longer increases with greater intensities of stimulation． This value is called the maximal stimulus． Intensities greater than maximal are termed supramaximal．A maximal stimulus applied to a nerve trunk excites all of the nerve fibers，and the response represents the summed activity of all． 因为动作电位是由膜内外Na+ 浓度差和钠通道的数量所决定的。 例： 子弹飞出枪膛；开电灯 （３）the mechanism of action potential ）depolarization: some Na+ ion channels open, sodium ions enter the cell carrying positive charges to the inside(Na+ influx)→further depolarization→more Na+ channels open→Na+ influx increases→complete disappearance of RP→inside positive instead of inside negative.去极相：钠快速内流 （Na+平衡电位） ）repolarization: potassium ions move to the outside复极相： K+ efflux ）静息期：Te normal distribution of Na+ and K+ between intra- and extracellular fluids is restored by Na+-K+ pump. （３）the mechanism of action potential ）depolarization: some Na+ ion channels open, sodium ions enter the cell carrying positive charges to the inside(Na+ influx)→further depolarization→more Na+ channels open→Na+ influx increases→complete disappearance of RP→inside positive instead of inside negative.去极相：钠快速内流 （Na+平衡电位） ）repolarization: potassium ions move to the outside复极相： K+ efflux ）静息期：Te normal distribution of Na+ and K+ between intra- and extracellular fluids is restored by Na+-K+ pump. 原肌球