医学PPT课件大全合成生物学与国际遗传机器大赛.ppt

“合成生物学”与“国际遗传机器大赛（ international Genetically Engineered Machine Competition， iGEM）” 宋 凯：ksong@ 合成生物学 Synthetic Biology 何时出现合成生物学这一名字？ Nature Biotechnology, 27(12),2009-12-7Focus on Synthetic Biology The latest iteration of genetic engineering offers the prospect of the design and construction of new life forms from biological parts, devices and systems. Whats in a name? (pp1071 – 1073) Defining an emerging field can be challenging, Nature Biotechnology asked 20 experts for their views on the term synthetic biology. Genetic engineering focuses on individual genes (typically cloning and over expression). The logical extension of that to system-wide change is genome engineering. Intermediate between these is metabolic engineering, which involves optimizing several genes at once. Synthetic biology is ‘meta’ to all of these in establishing standards for modules, intentionally interoperable in their assembly and functioning. Hierarchical properties permit computer-aided design at different levels of abstraction, from the sub-molecular level to supra-ecosystem levels. Synthetic biology involves the development and application of engineering principles to make the design and construction of complex synthetic biological systems easier and more reliable. It is the focus on the development of new engineering principles and formalism for the substrate of biology that sets it apart from the more mature fields upon which it builds, such as genetic engineering. Metabolic engineering is adopting synthetic biology’s strategies of gene synthesis, very fine control of gene expression, etc., while synthetic biology is taking metabolic engineering’s objective-driven strategies of engineering circuits and consideration of whole-cell metabolism. And both are moving towards integration with systems biology. ● 维基百科全书：合成生物学旨在设计和构建工程化的生物系统，使其能够处理信息、操作化合物、制造材料、生产能源、提供食物、保持和增强人类的健康和改善我们的环境。/Synthetic_biology ● 简单地说，合成生物学是通过设计和构建自然界中不存在的人工生物系统来解决能源、材料、健康和环保等问题。