急性心肌梗死康复PPT课件.ppt

急性心肌梗死康复PPT课件

谢 谢! * Over the past 10-15 years, a large number of studies have systematically evaluated the prevalence of depression in patients with various forms of acute coronary disease. Approximately 20% of patients meet criteria for MDD across a range of acute cardiovascular illness. Results differ somewhat from study-to-study (especially in CHF) due to differences in patients studied, illness severity, assessment methods, and depression criteria used * The data in this slide shows the results at 6 and 18 month follow-up from the landmark study by Frasure-Smith that first established the degree of mortality risk associated with depression post-MI The publication of these results in JAMA led Pfizer to plan the SADHART treatment study It is important to note that at early as 6 months, there is a 3 fold increase in coronary deaths with depressed patients. This indicates that intervention for depression should occur early * 氧化应激也可能是吸烟导致内皮功能障碍的一个重要作用机制。 异构前列腺素是花生四烯酸的过氧化产物,是体内脂质过氧化反应的指标,能较准确地反映体内氧化应激水平。 研究者比较了10例吸烟者和10例非吸烟者的异构前列腺素F2水平,结果如图所示,吸烟者的自由异构前列腺素F2(左图)和酯化异构前列腺素F2(右图)水平均显著高于非吸烟者。 这表明吸烟者体内具有更高的脂质氧化应激反应,吸烟增加了氧化修饰,导致脂质代谢紊乱,加剧动脉粥样硬化形成。 Reference Morrow JD, Frei B, Longmire AW, et al. Increase in circulating products of lipid peroxidation (F2-isoprostanes) in smokers: smoking as a cause of oxidative damage. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(18):1198-1203. * 此外,内皮细胞抗凝活性增强可能也参与了吸烟导致的内皮细胞功能障碍。 生理情况下,健康的内皮细胞具有抗凝活性(上图) ,该作用涉及:内皮细胞表达血栓调节蛋白(Tm)和凝血酶形成复合物,对蛋白C活化(aPC)存在促进作用;内皮细胞表达硫酸乙酰肝素(HSP) ,增强抗凝血酶III (ATIII)-介导的对凝血酶活化的抑制作用;内皮细胞释放纤溶酶原(plg) 以及其特异的激活物,而导致纤溶。 研究显示,暴露于卷烟烟雾后,内皮细胞被激活,促凝活性增加(下图):内皮细胞表面表达组织因子(TF)和血管假性血友病因子(vWF)。TF与激活的VII因子(FVIIa)作用可激活外源性的凝血途径,而形成凝血酶;内皮细胞表面表达vWF,vWF可导致血小板激活,从而生成凝血酶。凝血酶可导致血小板聚集和纤维蛋白形成。 从以上对比分析可以看出,吸烟能诱发内皮细胞表达促凝活性,引起内皮凝血功能紊乱,进而导致临床不良事件发生。 AMI患者运动训练的安全性 危险分层 心理障碍 LVEF 功能储备(METs) 肌钙蛋白浓度 低危 无心理障碍(抑 >50% ≥7.0 正常 郁、焦虑等) 中危 无心理障碍(抑 40%~49% 5

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