抗生素英文课件精品AntibioticsProtein Synthesis Nucleic Acid Synthesis and .pptVIP

Inhibitors of Folic Acid Synthesis Basis of Selectivity Review of Folic Acid Metabolism p-aminobenzoic acid + Pteridine Dihydropteroic acid Dihydrofolic acid Tetrahydrofolic acid Pteridine synthetase Dihydrofolate synthetase Dihydrofolate reductase Thymidine Purines Methionine Trimethoprim Sulfonamides Sulfonamides, Sulfones (bacteriostatic) Mode of action - These antimicrobials are analogues of para-aminobenzoic acid and competitively inhibit formation of dihydropteroic acid. Spectrum of activity - Broad range activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used primarily in urinary tract and Nocardia infections. Resistance - Common Combination therapy - The sulfonamides are used in combination with trimethoprim; this combination blocks two distinct steps in folic acid metabolism and prevents the emergence of resistant strains. Trimethoprim, Methotrexate, Pyrimethamine (bacteriostatic) Mode of action - These antimicrobials binds to dihydrofolate reductase and inhibit formation of tetrahydrofolic acid. Spectrum of activity - Broad range activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; used primarily in urinary tract and Nocardia infections. Resistance - Common Combination therapy - These antimicrobials are used in combination with the sulfonamides; this combination blocks two distinct steps in folic acid metabolism and prevents the emergence of resistant strains. Anti-Mycobacterial Antibiotics Para-aminosalicylic acid (PSA) (bacteriostatic) Mode of action - Similar to sulfonamides Spectrum of activity - Specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dapsone (bacteriostatic) Mode of action - Similar to sulfonamides Spectrum of activity - Used in treatment of leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae) Isoniazid (INH) (bacteriostatic ) Mode of action - Isoniazid inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids. Spectrum of activity - Used in treatment of tuberculosis Resistance - Has developed Antimicrobial Drug ResistancePrinciples and Definitions Clinical resist